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Separate 20 coins from the other 80 and flip all the coins in the 20 group.
If there were X tails in the 20 group, then there are 20-X tails in the 80 group. After flipping all 20 coins, there will then be 20-X tails in the 20 group as well.
Cosmologicon wrote:I don't think it's necessary to conceal joke answers.
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THHHHHHHHTparallax wrote:Separate 20 coins from the other 80 and flip all the coins in the 20 group.
If there were X tails in the 20 group, then there are 20-X tails in the 80 group. After flipping all 20 coins, there will then be 20-X tails in the 20 group as well.
You don't have to know. You just separate them into two groups, one 20 and one 80. The original problem said the groups didn't have to be the same size.
If the 20 coins you randomly selected included 5 tails, then that means there's 5 tails in the 20 group and 15 tails in the 80 group. If you flip every coin in the 20-coin group, this makes 15 tails. This always works, no matter how many coins with tails are in the randomly-selected group of twenty coins.
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